a weekend in the Cape Breton highlands

Atlantic Canada, BEYOND, Canada

Approximately 30 intrepid birders descended upon the Cape Breton Highlands this weekend for the Nova Scotia Bird Society’s out of town meetings and field trips.

For most of us I imagine it was a life changing experience to forest bathe in the company of so much knowledge. For me, it was also a chance to commune with my Cape Breton birding connections. I thank David McCorquodale for not only his knowledge, but making sure there is always strong coffee for his fellow birders to start the day off right. Seriously though, if you wonder what the birds are eating in Cape Breton you must chat with Dave about the insects and trees, he has a wealth of expertise to share about habitat and bird behavior.

Great skill aplenty in my little group, it was delightful to have the company of Laura Saunders and Bethsheila Kent. Laura has wonderful ears for birding, fantastic information about local breeding birds and habitat, and a great sense of humor and fun. Bethsheila shared her vast horticultural knowledge and passion for fauna, most notably delighting many on the group walk at the Bog trail with typical Bethsheila zest!

Bethsheila Kent and Laura Saunders my best girls for the weekend!

How these three great spirits could tolerate my incessant whining about not getting a photo of a Moose or finding my first Spruce Grouse is beyond me. A testimony to their gentle nature I suppose.

Surrounded by so many wonderful spirits from around our province this weekend, we were somewhat like a group of large children let loose in the playground.

 

Laura asks “what happened to this egg” at the seabird breeding colony at Cheticamp Island. Never lose your sense of wonder…

the big kids playing on the Bog Trail

handsome male birders in summer plumage (left to right, Alix, Mike, and Blaine)

Anyone who knows me knew that my targets for the weekend were to see my first Spruce Grouse, and to get some closeup photographs of Moose.

Friday night David McCorquodale took us “moose hunting” around French Mountain as the sun went down and we witnessed a young calf in the river with its mother. Distant grainy shot from the road looking down but such a wonderful and tender moment we were privileged to witness.

Far down in the river where nobody can reach them, this calf and mother enjoy a quiet drink in the river, North Mountain.

There was a walk scheduled very early on Saturday morning (330AM in fact) on the Skyline trail to look for Bicknell’s Thrush that I chose not to join, and of course the group had an amazing display from a male Spruce Grouse fanning its tail and defending territory, and a very close encounter with a Moose!

That’s okay, I’m frequently punished by the universe for sleeping in, so I say you all earned it for rising early, and I’m delighted for you all to have had this wonderful experience.

Later that morning Bethsheila and I were tipped off (thank you B) about a group of Bay-breasted Warblers moving through the lower parking lot on the Skyline. Although I did not find a Spruce Grouse this time, it was wonderful to watch those birds feeding on the Spruce trees. I’ve never seen them in breeding plumage before, and they are outstanding to observe. It’s amazing how they camouflage seamlessly in their habitat.

Bay-breasted Warbler male

Bay-breasted Warbler male perfectly camouflaged

There were also several Black-throated Green Warblers in the area who are also masters of camouflage as all birds are.

Black-throated Green Warbler

Black-throated Green Warbler perfectly camouflaged

And I never tire of the Maggies.

Magnolia Warblers were perhaps the most numerous warblers in the park.

I joined the NSBS group for a guided walk on the Bog Trail. We were accompanied by park interpreters who helped identify many plants in and around the bog. We had many of our own group on the walk who also had knowledge and/or interest in the Fauna. Amber and Bethsheila spent a lot of time mucking around investigating with great curiosity which was great fun to witness.

As well I spent a good portion of the day whining about not seeing a Spruce Grouse and trying to figure out if I would join the group in the evening or hit the Skyline again to find one.

In the end, I chose to venture up the Skyline myself after supper. Even though I visit Cape Breton quite a bit, I rarely have this opportunity as my Border Collie, Macy, is usually with me and dogs are not allowed on that trail even on leash. This is a rule I support firmly as dogs can agitate wildlife and Moose and Black Bear are frequently spotted on this trail. I don’t really like taking her in the park at all, and the few times I have hiked in the Cape Breton Highlands with Macy I was nervous to venture very far into the woods with her. I prefer to be with other humans or alone and alert for wildlife encounters. I had a close encounter with a Black Bear in Newfoundland a few years ago in Gros Morne which was amazing. Other people came behind me a few minutes later but I was the only one who saw the bear. Alone and silent, it crossed my path.

Anyway, off I went with great faith that I would see a Spruce Grouse as pretty much everyone else in the group saw them every time they went up the Skyline.

My plan was to go as far as the Moose enclosure and then turn around as the terrain changes up there and becomes less hospitable for Spruce Grouse. No luck. But my heart almost stopped when I realized there was a Moose about 20 feet away from me by the enclosure. Serendipity has long been my best friend in nature, and I knew why I was there at this very moment in time.

Long lens in hand, I quietly maneuvered about the Moose working to get the light behind me. I kept my distance, but it was not long at all before tourists arrived on the scene and started taking selfies. A park ranger appeared after a while and helped corral the humans away from the Moose, but people really didn’t seem to understand the threat to their safety. I hung back giving the Moose and the crowd a wide berth and continued to try to get the light in the right position for photos. The Moose did as it wished, so patience was required, and I just had to put in the time and wait for it to get into position for photos. Several times I told people they were too close, and they were irritated and said they were fine. FYI Moose attack more people than Bears and Coyotes combined and although docile when not threatened a circle of tourist taking selfies is a bad situation. Thinning the herd, I believe they call it? Anyway, the Moose started scratching the ground with it’s front hooves and snorting and wagging its head so me and someone else with common sense moved in the other direction using trees for cover.

After the park ranger finally convinced the stupid tourists to shove off and give it space, the Moose relaxed and got into the perfect position. Were I alone and in a better opportunity to choose my camera settings and perhaps with a tripod, I could have the perfect shots, but for me this is a highlight of my life and I’m very pleased with the results given the situation.

moose on the loose

 

little greens for a big critter

I do feel like my time on our friend’s farm as a child helping to herd the dairy cattle was of great benefit in this situation. Understanding the behavior of wildlife and birds is the only way to get close enough to get the real shot.

You couldn’t wipe the smile off my face for hours, even though I dipped on the Spruce Grouse yet again on the descent.

I then joined many of the NSBS members on their adventure to listen for Bicknell’s Thrush at sundown at Benji’s Lake.

Although not heard, this was an amazing group outing with many big shoulders of our birding community. The kind of people who lift you up into the birding stratosphere as our dear Eric Mills has done for so many of us.

And our new fearless magazine editor in chief, Alix d’Entremont.

Alix d’Entremont

Although you have BIG shoes to fill, we all know you will succeed as you are already on the path of the great birders in our province.

The group decided to try one more time on Sunday morning, but you can already guess I decided to hit the Skyline for another shot at the Spruce Grouse, right?

Dipped again but had a lovely walk, entertained by Pine Grosbeak, Ruby-crowned Kinglets, and Pine Siskins, none of whom are present in good numbers in my neck of the woods so how can I complain really.

Pine Grosbeak female

 

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Pine Siskins getting some grit for digestion I presume

Eh em.

And so, I headed up to Benji’s after and didn’t see anything different but enjoyed the terrain and the company. Laura and I were quite certain we heard a Spruce Grouse land in the bushes right about where Dave said he often sees them, but we waited it out and never saw it. In retrospect since we couldn’t sight it maybe that one was a female as it would be harder to spot…nonetheless another dip in perfect habitat!

Time for checkout, but I decided on the way back we had to make one more attempt for the Spruce Grouse before leaving the highlands, and it was well worth being 20 minutes late for checkout time as Mr. Handsome finally made an appearance.

cock of the walk

I will say, this was well worth the 4-year wait to see as I have chosen not to twitch them 2 hours from home and wait for a sighting in the highlands as I knew the day would come eventually.

Although my focus was different than many in the group, please know that you were also my focus.

Spending time in the field with great birders is a true privilege and a pleasure. It was wonderful to connect with so many birding friends and make new ones.

Thank you to the volunteers from the Nova Scotia Bird Society who worked to make this wonderful out of town meeting a reality. It was truly a life changing experience.

Yours in birds,
Angela

chasing Egrets…a Great week in Cape Breton

Atlantic Canada, Birds, Canada

Being surrounded by nature in Cape Breton is one of my favorite things.  I spent a great deal of time in the woods growing up and it is still my favorite place.  The woods or Cape Breton you say?

 

Anyway, this Monday I drove down to Sydney.  It was a work trip but it’s my hometown so lots of opportunities for great diversions and nobody wants to hear about work anyway.

 

Monday, I did make a stop before dusk in Arichat to try to locate the Black Vulture that has been hanging around but no luck.  Man, that would have been a cool lifer, but you win some you lose some.  Although I snapped this Raven with his prized Rice Crispy Square.  Imagine my disappointment to realize the square was not the light coloured head of a Black Vulture, but you take what you can get I guess.

 

Raven with a Rice Crispy Square

Common Raven with a Rice Crispy Square

 

Mother Nature must have felt bad as she sent me a Barred Owl a little further down the line.

It's all about perspective...

Barred Owl - sundown somewhere in Cape Breton

Tuesday I met a group of favorite birding friends to tour around Louisbourg and Catalone and see what might be hanging around.

 

We dipped on the Great Egret that had been spotted by others, but found another one in Baliene, which was even cooler

Great Egret in Baliene

Great Egret in Baliene

We found out after the fact that we had missed out on a Gyrfalcon that had been sighted a few days earlier.  Likely long gone anyway, and as incredibly disappointing as this is we did enjoy expected sightings like the Harlequin Ducks.

male Harlequin duck in the rough surf

male Harlequin duck in the rough surf

And if you think Black-capped Chickadees are adorable, hello Boreal Chickadees.  They sound like they have a cold and are super cute.

Boreal Chickadee - Cape Breton first week in Spring

Nice to see the Purple Finch coming back as well.  They had a rough go last year so it will be interesting to see how the population was affected.  Don’t forget to wash your bird feeders in any case!

Purple Finch

Purple Finch

 

Wednesday rain and work only.  Next.

 

Thursday, I started the day off right and met a friend and her Boxer to let my Border Collie, Macy, have a good run so I could enjoy a few hours later to bird.

 

A target species for the trip was the Pine Grosbeak.  Groups of them have been eating grit on the side of the roads in the Bouladerie area, so I had the afternoon reserved to go find some.  This is year 4 of birding and I’ve never seen one in Nova Scotia, although I have in Newfoundland.

 

Sometimes I leave the camera at home when it’s to be strictly a dog outing, so my dog can have some serious downtime of her own and when I do, there is always a great bird sighting.

 

This Thursday morning on a logging road on Juniper Mountain a mated pair of Pine Grosbeaks landed in a tree right in front of us if to pose for the camera.  The camera I left home.  And so it goes, this juggling of life, priorities, and serendipity.  I really have no right to complain.

 

So with my target bird ticked I really wasn’t sure what to do with this much prized free time to go hang out alone with my big camera lens.  About mid-afternoon I decided it best to revisit some of the spots Dave McCorquodale showed us on Tuesday while they were fresh in my mind.  Good birding locations can be hard to re-find as they are not marked by signs typically, ya know?

 

Thought I’d try before heading back to see if I could get a good photo of either a Harlequin Duck, or maybe even a Great Egret since I was sans Border Collie for a bit.  The little pond where the Egret was rumored to be won out as I pulled up and found it right away.  Saw a few vehicles that looked suspiciously like birding vehicles and upon speaking with one of the drivers I found out that Kris Tynski and Adam Hill were in the area photographing.

 

They are my Cape Breton nature photography heroes…so I hung about to say hello…and get some Great Egret shots of my own of course.

 

These guys were hunkered down, and I didn’t want to bug them so waited and met Kris  on the way out.  He has the sweetest Red Fox photos (one of his fox photos below), among many other nature lovelies.  Please check out his work.  Oh, and he has a Border Collie, as do I, so maybe it explains the love of foxes.  There is a theory that Border Collies are bred down from fox and if you own a Border Collie too, you may just believe this.

 

DSC04794

Here is one of Kris Tynski’s photos or a Red Fox and kit

 

Adam popped out of his blind after a bit and we had a great chat about photography and birds.  I don’t think he’ll mind me posting this photo I snapped of him in his blind here as he shared it on his social media.

nature photographer Adam Hill in his blind

nature photographer Adam Hill in his blind

 

You can check out Adam’s website here to see his nature photos, and wonderful photos of the Aurora Borealis.

 

On the way out both Adam and I stopped our cars at the Egret flew in for a closer look and I managed to get a flight shot I’m happy with.

Great Egret...in need of a pedicure?

Great way to end the week, although I’m kicking myself in the pants for not joining Steven McGrath on his hike Friday morning.  He even found a Sora!

 

I made the poor choice instead to check the dump in Arichat one more time on the drive home, and dipped again.

 

Although I will say that scanning through approximately 40 Common Ravens and watching their aerial courtship displays was very interesting.  One thing you learn in birding, is that sorting through common birds looking for something different will really teach you a lot about common birds you tend to overlook!

 

I’m always sad to leave, but will be back in June for the Nova Scotia Bird Society annual out of town meetings in Cheticamp.

 

Can’t wait!

a little early summer Cape Breton birding

Atlantic Canada, Birds, Canada

It’s a tradition for me to come down to Cape Breton each summer to go swimming with my nieces, and see my best girlfriends.

This is the 3rd year I’ve incorporated some birding into the mix, and Cape Breton is definitely a favorite place to bird for many reasons.  Now that I’ve adopted a busy Border Collie things don’t always go as planned, but I will say I am not bored at all.  Eh em.

I set reasonable birding goals for myself for the week to allow for Border Collie playdates, and achieved the first goal on Tuesday morning when I was finally able to photograph a Mourning Warbler.  Not my best work, but still delighted to have them.

Macy and I near got carried off by the giant horseflies to get these shots, but eventually discovered that Atlantick spray repels these flying monsters.

Anyway, here is Mr. Handsome.

Realistically, there will be very little birding time but last night I enjoyed a mecca birding evening on a Bird Island Boat Tour.  Thank you David McCorquodale for organizing a few of us for this fabulous time, perfect suggestion!

And since I won’t top that this week, and have run out of time anyway, I will leave you with some highlights from last night’s magical evening.

My favorite shot is of the very common, Double-crested Cormorants.  I follow my friend Paul’s advice to “shoot everything” and take what I get.  Often we overlook things in pursuit of the rare bird but there is beauty in all of nature.

Double-crested Cormorants

And really, there could never be too many puffins right?

 

Bringing home the bacon.

of wood and warblers : musings on my upcoming 3rd spring migration season as a birder in Nova Scotia

Atlantic Canada, BEYOND, Birds, Canada

Warblers are among the highest prized things with wings for the avid birder.  And they call them wood-warblers for a reason.

I’ll be heading into my 3rd migration season as a birder with a bit of a heavy heart as I’ve recently become aware of the full extent of the clearcutting that is happening in Nova Scotia.

As well that a 13-mill consortium called Westfor has their eye on the Western Crown Lands which have been described  as “the last great wood basket” not committed to pulp companies, which will effectively destroy the last of our forests here in the province.

To enjoy spring migration to the fullest, brushing up is always recommended.  So, partially to encourage some discussion about the preservation of mixed, multi-aged forest in Nova Scotia, and partly as a little research project for myself to prepare I spent much of today studying the breeding habitat of Nova Scotia wood-warblers.

Of the 40 Wood Warblers that have been recorded in Nova Scotia, 22 of them breed here both currently and historically.  Two have been added to the list recently but one (Yellow-breasted Chat) was certainly incidental and the other (Pine Warbler) could be the beginning of an expansion of breeding territory to come in future years.

My lifelong love of walking in the woods, and back-country canoe camping in recent years, have proven to be a great foundation for studying our wood-warblers first hand.  While writing this today I realized that I’ve observed a great deal of warbler behavior and habitat in my two short years of birding.  And I’ve had some amazing mentors in these two years, I must admit and am so thankful for your guidance (you all know who you are and you are awesome).

There is still much to learn (this is a living work and I’m definitely at the beginning end of things) so I’ve referenced the following materials extensively today:

to compile the little spreadsheet below at the end of this post.

Someday I hope to write a book at which point I’ll work on more detailed citations, but for today I had time to write a blog in hopes it will inspire a few people to dig deeper into this issue.  Emails with corrections are always welcome and appreciated!

Anyway, basically our beloved wood-warblers drop in during spring migration, disperse into appropriate habitat, breed, and then flock off in the fall migration.

The NSBS hosted a presentation by Donna Crossland last Thursday evening  where I learned there is not much left of less than 1% of our old growth Acadian Forest left (it was about 50% in pre-Colombian times, and 15% in the 1950s) and even the remaining younger, multi-aged  (not clear-cut) Acadian forest is in grave danger.

Most of Nova Scotia’s working forest is clear cut.  We are on a 55-year cut cycle, far too short to maintain the Acadian forest which should be selectively harvested (not clear-cut), and trees such as red spruce, hemlock, and sugar maple allowed to grow to 150 years of age (or more).  The Nova Scotia government promised to reduce clear-cutting, and has done no such thing.

(thank you David Patriquin for the clarification of our forest compositions)

Aside from soil erosion leading to potential coastline erosion, and the release of carbon into the environment (remember plants remove carbon dioxide from the environment into the soil) imagine the horror for the birds and other animals who lose their homes, and inevitably perish.

Basically, if we keep chopping down their homes they will have nowhere to breed.  They are increasingly showing up to find their habitat and food had been destroyed which is a problem for both the present and the future.  My focus here is on the wood-warblers but many other bird species require the very specific habitat of the Acadian Forest such at the Black-backed Woodpecker, and the Nothern Goshawk to name just two.

Anyway, as I reflect on my last two years in birding I am reminded that you have to do a bit of work to find some of the most prized wood-warblers.  Well it’s not work for me at all to walk in the woods, but it’s something not many people seem interested in doing these days somehow.  All my favorite magical forests are old-growth forests and largely Acadian it would turn out, with Keji being one of my most treasured places to spend time.  I’ve also greatly enjoyed walking in the Thomas Raddall provincial park, the Abraham Lake Nature Preserve, the Mount Uniacke Estate park, the Herbert River Trail, and the woods around my parents’ house just to name a few.

I remember looking up so high in the trees to spot the singing Blackburnian Warbler in Mount Uniacke Estates park and realizing this now scarce habitat explains why they are not always easy to find in Nova Scotia.

Blackburnian Warbler (new to me today) June 1st, 2016 Mount Uniacke Estate Park

It occurs to me now why many of the seasoned birders frequently comment there are “no birds anymore”.  Migration season used to be a very different experience here in Nova Scotia apparently.  And that is very sad isn’t it?

Someone needs to do something and I agree with Donna Crossland who suggests the birders are the perfect people to spearhead the cause.

Simply put, clear-cutting is short sighted and harmful to wildlife.  We deserve a sustainable forestry industry in Nova Scotia that is guided by good science and education, and stewarded by forestry experts, not lumber executives.  And now that I know we are sending all this biomass to China and Turkey I am steaming mad.  We are chopping down all our forests for a cheap buck and sending it away in little wood chips.  Nothing to be proud of, indeed.

I don’t know much about the South Shore forests, but I do know the “banana belt” hosts some of the best birding opportunities in Nova Scotia and the birders down there are hopefully ready to chase Westfor right out of town.  I’ve not done the warbler run in Yarmouth but I’ll bet that strip on Thomas Road and Jerry Road is all old-growth forest, and it’s probably on the chopping block (literally). (I have found out since I posted this from Alix d’Entremont that the area I mention in Cape Forchu is not old-growth in fact but the Quinan and Great Barren Lakes Reserve and also Sporting Lake are likely the last stands of old-growth forest in South Western Nova Scotia.)

As a little aside, maybe we only hear of protecting the Boreal Forest because the Acadian Forest is pretty much already gone?

I digress, but basically we have two types of wood-warblers that visit Nova Scotia.  We have the “vagrants” who don’t belong here really, and certainly don’t breed here.  They are the ones who have us scanning multi-flora behind funeral homes and other odd places during migrations or fall outs, and making the non-birders wonder what the heck we are doing.  Then we have those 22 warblers who come to Nova Scotia specifically to make babies and fly off with them in the fall.  They go in two waves, the parents and new birdies typically not together.  It is a joy or nature everyone should witness so please consider getting involved and engaged with this issue.  In my opinion land conservation and activism is one of the best places you can donate your money or your time in our province.

I smile as a remember some of my favorite birding moments have involved fledgling birds, specifically warblers.

Anyway, look through the list for yourself and decide what you think is worth protecting.  And remember, these are the canaries of our proverbial coal mines because if they are in danger, so are we…

“I’m like a bird, I’ll only fly away I don’t know where my soul is, I don’t know where my home is” – Nelly Furtado

Wood Warbler Breeds in NS historically Breeds in NS currently Prerred Vegetation
American Redstart yes yes alders tall shrubland garden shrubbery
Bay-breasted Warbler yes yes (in decline) tall conifers
Black-and-white Warbler yes yes broad leafed and mixed woodlands
Blackburnian Warbler yes yes tall conifers
Blackpoll Warbler yes yes cool, damp spruce
Black-throated Blue Warbler yes yes broad leafed mature woodland stands
Black-throated Gray Warbler NO no
Black-throated Green Warbler yes yes mature mixed but also broken fir and spruce
Blue-winged Warbler NO no
Canada Warbler yes yes broad leafed trees / shrubs / dense understory
Cape May Warbler yes yes (in decline) tall Spruce
Cerulean Warbler NO no
Chestnut-sided Warbler yes yes shrubs / raspberry / forest edge
Common Yellowthroat yes yes scrubby brush / cutover / marsh
Connecticut Warbler NO no
Golden-winged Warbler no no
Hermit Warbler no no
Hooded Warbler NO no
Kentucky Warbler no no
Louisiana Waterthrush no no
Magnolia Warbler yes yes open woodlands / balsam fir
Mourning Warbler yes yes dense deciduous shrubbery woodland edges
Nashville Warbler yes yes open woodlands and shrublands
Northern Parula yes yes mature forests uses old man’s beard for nests
Northern Waterthrush yes yes damp mixed woodlands alder and cedar
Orange-crowned Warbler no no
Ovenbird yes yes Blue-bead Lily under the Broad-leafed trees
Palm Warbler yes yes low conifers / bog / shrubs
Pine Warbler no (NB yes) one nesting in Truro 2010 recorded in the 2nd breeding atlas – also thought to be breeding in Miller Point Peace Park in Bridgewater and in Oafield Park near Enfield for a few years now pine
Prairie Warbler no no
Prothonotary Warbler no no
Swainson’s Warbler NO no
Tennessee Warbler yes yes (in decline) spruce/fir for the budworm
Virginia’s Warbler no no
Wilson’s Warbler yes yes shrubland early forest succession
Worm-eating Warbler no no
Yellow Warbler yes yes urban gardens / shrubbery / old fields / streams / marshes
Yellow-breasted Chat no 1 probable” record in NS during the second atlas dense shrubbery with a preference for blackberry
Yellow-rumped Warbler yes yes dense spruce cover and bayberry for food (wax myrtle)

Birding on the Salt Marsh Trail

Atlantic Canada, Birds, Canada

Salt Marsh Trail from Bissett Road towards Lawrencetown

The part of the Salt Marsh Trail that borders the Rainbow Haven beach area is well travelled by cyclists, dog walkers, nature lovers, and a good variety of city folk trying to connect to nature in their downtime.  It is a beautiful place to visit in all kinds of weather and throughout the seasons, and also a protected coastal system which is home to a variety of waterfowl.

Me and my dog Macy doing a little walking/birding on the beautiful Salt Marsh Trail.

Me and my dog Macy doing a little walking/birding on the beautiful Salt Marsh Trail.

All year round you will find American Black Duck, Common Eiders, Mallards, and Canada Geese in the waters.  And in winter the Bufflehead Ducks arrive to mix things up, and often American Wigeons or even Northern Shovelers in good numbers.

The habitat is a mix of coastal and woodland and you will also find Song Sparrows, American Goldfinch, Black-capped Chickadee, Dark-eyed Junco, Bluejays, Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers, and Bald Eagles throughout the seasons.

salt-marsh-april-9 435

With the arrival of spring, start looking for out for Belted Kingfishers, Double-crested Cormorants, Osprey, and Great Blue Heron to return.

In summer this trail is full of shorebirds and the trail is an easy walk with a great view of them for close sightings.   Some of the more commonly seen are Greater and Lesser Yellowlegs, Willets, Short-billed Dowitchers, Black-bellied Plovers, and Semipalmated Plovers, but others do turn up.

Many diving birds enjoy the current under the first bridge and you can watch the Cormorants fish for hours in the summer, and the Red-breasted Mergansers doing the same in the winter.  If the winter is a cold one and there is not much open water other divers such as Surf Scoters and Common Goldeneyes will also dive for food under the bridge.

Winter also sees the arrival of Black-headed Gulls in good numbers on the trail for good sightings in February and March.  As a primarily Eurasian species they are a welcome sight during the months that are sometimes considered to be less exciting in birding.

salt-marsh-feb-22-2016 015